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1.
Rev. Investig. Innov. Cienc. Salud ; 3(2): 35-46, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1392565

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La disfonía por tensión muscular fue definida, desde 1983, como un desorden que ocasiona un desbalance en las fuerzas de tensión muscular laríngea sin evidencia de patología estructural o neurológica. Denominado también disfonía por tensión muscular, tipo 1, este desorden aún no tiene estandarizadas las características que en la práctica han sido consideradas parte de su diagnóstico.Objetivo. Revisar la información actual, no mayor a cinco años, sobre disfonía por tensión muscular para unificar criterios y diagnósticos actuales.Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática a través de las bases de datos PubMed, Google Scholar y Cochrane. Los términos MESH utilizados fueron: dis-fonía por tensión muscular, disfonía funcional, disfonía hipercinética y fatiga vocal. Criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados en revistas arbitradas, sin importancia del diseño y antigüedad no mayor a cinco años. Criterios de exclusión: artículos cuyo enfoque principal no fuera disfonía por tensión muscular y con idioma diferente al inglés o español.Resultados. Dos estudios refieren mayor patología en mujeres que hombres; cuatro investigaciones reportan presión subglótica aumentada (>90 mmHg); tres trabajos reportaron medidas fonatorias; un trabajo propone video de alta resolución como demostración de hiperfunción vocal; una investigación evaluó onda mucosa por elec-troglotografía; una investigación estudió el uso de resonancia magnética funcional; otro trabajo propuso un estudio piloto de evaluación de flujo sanguíneo de músculos infrahioideos. Otro trabajo hace una revisión del uso de métodos diagnósticos.Conclusiones. Los parámetros de mayor peso fueron pico cepstral y presión sub-glótica. Aún es necesario ampliar el conocimiento con nuevas investigaciones que permitan criterios universales


Introduction. Muscle tension dysphonia has been defined since 1983 as a disorder in which there is an imbalance in laryngeal muscle tension forces, without evidence of structural or neurological pathology; it has also been called type I muscle tension dysphonia. The characteristics that in practice have been considered part of the di-agnosis are not standardized.Objective. To review current information, not older than 5 years, on muscle tension dysphonia, unifying current diagnostic criteria.Methodology. A systematic search was carried out through the Pub Med, Google scholar and Cochrane databases. The MESH terms used were: muscle tension dys-phonia, functional dysphonia, hyperkinetic dysphonia, and vocal fatigue. Inclusion criteria: articles published in peer-reviewed journals, regardless of design and pub-lished no more than 5 years before. Exclusion criteria: articles whose main focus was not muscle tension dysphonia and with a language other than English or Spanish.Results. Two studies report more pathology in women than men; four investiga-tions report increased subglottic pressure (> 90 mmHg); three studies reported pho-natory measures; a work proposes high resolution video as a demonstration of vo-cal hyperfunction; an investigation evaluated mucosal wave by electroglottography; an investigation studied the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging; another work proposed a pilot study of infrahyoid muscle blood flow assessment: another work reviews the use of diagnostic methods.Conclusions. The parameters of greater weight were cepstral peak and subglottic pressure. It is still necessary to expand the knowledge with new research that allows universal criteria


Subject(s)
Voice Disorders/diagnosis , Dysphonia , Dysphonia/diagnosis , Vocal Cords/abnormalities , Voice , Voice/physiology , Laryngeal Muscles , Mucous Membrane , Muscle Tonus/physiology
3.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 80(4): 311-317, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-721399

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Minor structural alterations of the vocal fold cover are frequent causes of voice abnormalities. They may be difficult to diagnose, and are expressed in different manners. Cases of intracordal cysts, sulcus vocalis, mucosal bridge, and laryngeal micro-diaphragm form the group of minor structural alterations of the vocal fold cover investigated in the present study. The etiopathogenesis and epidemiology of these alterations are poorly known. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existence and anatomical characterization of minor structural alterations in the vocal folds of newborns. METHODS: 56 larynxes excised from neonates of both genders were studied. They were examined fresh, or defrosted after conservation via freezing, under a microscope at magnifications of 25× and 40×. The vocal folds were inspected and palpated by two examiners, with the aim of finding minor structural alterations similar to those described classically, and other undetermined minor structural alterations. Larynges presenting abnormalities were submitted to histological examination. RESULTS: Six cases of abnormalities were found in different larynges: one (1.79%) compatible with a sulcus vocalis and five (8.93%) compatible with a laryngeal micro-diaphragm. No cases of cysts or mucosal bridges were found. The observed abnormalities had characteristics similar to those described in other age groups. CONCLUSION: Abnormalities similar to sulcus vocalis or micro-diaphragm may be present at birth. .


INTRODUÇÃO: As alterações estruturais mínimas (AEM) da cobertura das pregas vocais são causas frequentes de alterações vocais. Podem ser de diagnóstico difícil, e expressam-se de modo variável. O cisto intracordal, o sulco vocal, a ponte de mucosa e o microdiafragama laríngeo constituem o grupo das AEM da cobertura das pregas vocais pesquisadas neste estudo. Sua etiopatogenia e epidemiologia não são bem conhecidas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a existência e a caracterização anatômica das AEM em prega vocal de neonatos. MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas 56 laringes excisadas de neonatos, de ambos os sexos. As laringes foram examinadas a fresco ou descongeladas após conservação por congelação, sob microscopia com aumento de 25 e 40×. As pregas vocais foram inspecionadas e palpadas por dois examinadores, com o intuito de encontrar AEM semelhantes às classicamente descritas e outras indeterminadas. As laringes com alterações foram submetidas a exame histológico. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas seis alterações em laringes distintas: uma (1,79%) compatível com sulco vocal e cinco (8,93%) compatíveis com microdiafragma laríngeo. Não foram encontrados cistos e pontes de mucosa. As alterações presentes apresentavam características semelhantes às descritas em outras faixas etárias. CONCLUSÃO: Alterações semelhantes ao sulco vocal e ao microdiafragma laríngeo podem estar presentes ao nascimento. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Vocal Cords/abnormalities , Cadaver , Vocal Cords/pathology
4.
Arq. bras. ciênc. saúde ; 34(3): 210-213, Setembro-Dezembro 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-536723

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os abscessos laríngeos podem ser considerados uma raridade clínica atualmente, devido principalmente ao aumento do uso de antibióticos, bem como seus espectros de ação. Na era pré-antibiótica era um problema relativamente comum, com uma taxa de mortalidade próxima a 100%. A localização mais frequente dos abscessos na laringe é a região supraglótica periepiglótica, sendo extremamente incomuns em outras regiões. Em ampla revisão literária, não foi encontrado nenhum caso de abscesso laríngeo na prega vestibular. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 31 anos, cantor, procurou nosso serviço com quadro de um dia de odinofagia, disfagia e disfonia. Refere tabagismo e etilismo social. Na laringoscopia direta, observou-se edema e hiperemia importantes da prega vestibular direita, com abaulamento local. A tomografia computadorizada mostrou área hipoatenuante em prega vestibular direita, estabelecendo o diagnóstico. O paciente foi submetido à drenagem cirúrgica e recebeu antibioticoterapia. Apresentou boa evolução, com resolução dos sintomas em três dias. Discussão: O abscesso laríngeo deve ser um diagnóstico diferencial em casos de maior severidade de uma laringite comum. Na maioria dos casos, o tratamento clínico resolve o caso, mas uma abordagem cirúrgica pode ser necessária, especialmente para descartar neoplasias ou outras alterações anatômicas da laringe. A perviedade da via aérea deve estar garantida. A evolução é boa, se o tratamento é prontamente estabelecido.


Introduction: Laryngeal abscesses can be considered clinical rarities nowadays, mainly due to the increase of the use of antibiotics and their spectrum of action. In the pre-antibiotic era, this problem was relatively usual, with a mortality rate close to 100%. The most frequent site where the abscesses occur in the larynx is the supraglotic (periepiglotic) region, and they are extremely rare in other regions. In the literary revision, no report of laryngeal abscess in vestibular fold was found. Case report: Male, 31 years old, singer, presenting at our institution with odynophagia, dysphagia and aphonia for one day. Consumption of alcohol and tobacco is related as frequent. Direct laryngoscopy revealed significant edema and hyperemia of right vestibular fold and bulging in the region. Computadorized tomography showed hypoattenuation of the vestibular fold, establishing the diagnosis. The patient was submitted to surgical approach, with drainage of the abscess, and antibiotics were prescribed. The outcome was good, with resolution of the symptoms in three days. Discussion: The laryngeal abscesses must be a differential diagnosis in cases of major severity of a single laryngitis. In the majority of patients, the clinical treatment may solve the case, but the surgical approach is sometimes necessary, specially to discharge neoplasms, or other anatomic alterations of the larynx. The upper airway must be assured. The outcome is good, if the treatment is promptly established.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Abscess/surgery , Abscess/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/surgery , Larynx/abnormalities , Larynx/surgery , Larynx/pathology , Laryngoscopy , Vocal Cords/abnormalities , Vocal Cords/surgery , Vocal Cords/pathology
5.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 74(4): 508-511, jul.-ago. 2008. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-494418

ABSTRACT

A etiologia mais aceita para pólipos de pregas vocais é o fonotrauma. Imaginamos que possa existir alguma alteração anatômica prévia nas pregas vocais que predisponha indivíduos a apresentarem lesões fonotraumáticas. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo retrospectivo procura encontrar correlação entre os pólipos de prega vocal e alterações estruturais da prega vocais. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizado trabalho retrospectivo a partir da descrição cirúrgica de 33 pacientes submetidos a exérese de pólipo de prega vocal no período de três anos em hospital universitário. RESULTADOS: Trinta e um pacientes apresentaram pólipos unilaterais e 2 bilaterais. Foram encontradas 27 lesões associadas: 10 lesões reacionais, 12 sulcos, 3 cistos e 2 ectasia capilars. Foram 14 lesões contralaterais e 13 ipsilaterais. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÕES: Encontrou-se uma forte correlação entre a presença de uma lesão de base influindo como co-fator de fragilização da prega vocal ao fonotrauma, pois das 27 lesões encontradas 17 foram consideradas pré-existentes (63 por cento). As lesões poderiam interferir na coaptação das pregas vocais, gerando uma onda mucosa irregular durante a fonação, expondo o espaço de Reinke a uma agressão estrutural. Apesar do caráter preliminar do trabalho os achados sugerem íntima correlação entre o pólipo e lesões estruturais mínimas das pregas vocais.


Phonotrauma is considered the main cause of vocal fold polyps (VFP). However, the authors believe that an underlying anatomical deviation could render the vocal folds more susceptible to such trauma. AIM: To prove this hypothesis a retrospective chart review was carried out to correlate the surgical findings of patients with VFP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The charts of thirty-three patients who underwent surgery for excision of VFP were reviewed: 21 had right VFP, 10 had left VFP and 2 had bilateral lesions. RESULTS: Associated lesions were reported in 27 patients (14 lesions on the opposite VF and 13 on the ipsilateral VF): 10 opposite nodules, 12 sulcus vocalis, 3 cysts, and 2 capillary engorgement. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of associated anatomical lesions to the VF (63 percent) suggests that patients with these minor underlying anatomical deviations are more vulnerable to vocal abuse, probably because they present abnormal glottic closure and an irregular vibratory margin.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Polyps/etiology , Vocal Cords/abnormalities , Laryngeal Diseases/physiopathology , Laryngeal Diseases/surgery , Laryngoscopy/methods , Polyps/physiopathology , Polyps/surgery , Retrospective Studies
7.
Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty [Girls][The]. 2005; 26 (1): 849-857
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-112429

ABSTRACT

Geriatric Voice and Laryngeal Dysfunctions many as ten to fifteen percent of elderly individuals have vocal dysfunction. Voice weakness and articulator imprecision are particularly difficult when an individual's peer group is also likely to have significant hearing losses. This impact on day to day existence can be devastating. Dysfunctions may be classified into those that are part of the aging process and those associated with other pathologies. Some characteristics of the aging voice include altered pitch, roughness, percent of elderly individuals have vocal dysfunction. Voice weakness and articulator imprecision are particularly difficult when an individuals peer group is also likbreathiness. Routine laryngoscope often reveals dark the vocal ligaments commonly seen in aged men may result in thinner vocal cords that vibrate more rapidly. These changes of Routine laryngoscope often reveal a yellowish grayish discoloration of the vocal folds with bowing may contribute to the vocal fold Francis B etal [1999], Bailey, B [1998]. The aim of our work is giving spotlight of that hoarseness of vice in old age not only aging phenomena but also we must but others common causes of voice disorder in our differential diagnosis as in these study We founded that there are many pathological changes as Nodules [8.5%]; polyps [20%]; Reinke's edema [22.8%]; Vocal fold hemorrhage [8.5%]; Vocal fold paralysis or paresis [17,1%], Acid reflux larengitis [11.4%], Presbylaryngis [14,3%].The procedures of treatment depended on the characteristics of patients; microlaryngosurgery for 15% of nodules patients and 20% to the polyps patients. fat injection for 40% Presbylaryngis patients; six weeks of medical treatment in form of antacid is the ideal treatment in aside reflux laryngitis, conservative treatment in form of anticoagulant and abolish any predisposing trauma are excellent management in case of vocal fold hemorrhage. surgical removal for all cases of Reinke's edema. Injection of fat in 35% patients accepted surgical procedures in vocal cord paralysis and speech therapy for patients refused surgery. Intensive speech therapy is very effective for all patients with or without surgical interference and that very helpful treatment in old age group. There are many diseases may be its course may leaden to vice disorder as its complication in old age like Cerebrovascular diseases; cardiac patients with history of I. C. U admission and others diseases association with hoarseness of voice but may be without rule as diabetes mellitus and hypertension patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Voice Disorders/classification , Vocal Cords/abnormalities , Laryngoscopy/methods , Polyps/complications , Laryngitis/complications
8.
Acta AWHO ; 13(1): 2-6, jan.-abr. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-139495

ABSTRACT

Alteraçöes estruturais mínimas da laringe - AEM representam um grupo de anormalidades congênitas menores, cujo impacto, quando existente, restringe-se à funçäo fonatória da laringe. Esta categoria de disfonias pode ser classificada em 3 grandes grupos: assimetrias larígeas, desvios na proporçäo glótica e lesöes da cobertura das pregas vocais. O diagnóstico é difícil, mesmo quando se dispöe de semiologia avançada. Lesöes secundárias, tais como nódulos, pólipos, edemas, leucoplasias e monocordites encontram-se comumente associadas o que pode comprometer o diagnóstico correto. O tratamento combinado é o que oferece mehores condiçöes ao paciente, utilizando recursos de orientaçäo, reabilitaçäo vocal, terapêutica medicamentosa e procedimentos cirúrugicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Larynx/abnormalities , Voice Disorders/therapy , Glottis/abnormalities , Larynx/surgery , Vocal Cords/abnormalities
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